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Grammar

VERBS


There are only three irregular verbs - Bútí(To Be), Dovétí(To Come) and Monétí(To Go). All other verbs follow a regular pattern of conjugation, falling into one of four classes based on their stem-ending. However, in Bríttanicá, these regular verbs do not have their own future tense and the future tense is formed by using the future tense of 'Bútí', the preposition 'en' and the infinitive of the regular verb.


Here are two examples of forming the future with the verb Trebátí(To Live (In)).

Bisîú mí'n trebátí - I will live

Bisîomós snís en trebátí - We will live

Regular Verb Conjugations

Class I Verbs. a- stem endings

Caratí - To Love

Present Tense

Caramí 

Carasí tú

Carát év/sí/íd

Caramós snís

Caratés swís

Carant é

Subjunctive Tense

Carásám

Carásás

Carását év/sí/íd

Carásámós snís

Carásáté swís

Carásánt é

Preterite Past Tense

Carássú mí

Carásses tú

Carásset év/sí/íd

Carássomós snís

Carássetes swís

Carássont é

Imperative/Command Form

Caré! (tú)

Caráté! (swís)

Class II Verbs. e-/o-/i- stem endings

Gweletí - To See

Present Tense

Gwelú mí

Gwelísí

Gwelet év/sí/íd

Gwelomós snís

Gweletés swís

Gwelont é

Subjunctive Tense

Gwelsúr mí

Gwelses tú

Gwelset év/sí/íd

Gwelsomós snís

Gwelseté swís

Gwelsont é

Preterite Past Tense

Gweltí mí

Gweltes tú

Gwelté év/sí/íd

Gweltomé snís

Gwelteté swís

Gweltont é

Imperative/Command Form

Gwelé! (tú)

Gweleté! (swís)

Class III Verbs. Îe-/îa- stem endings

Arewídîetí - To Learn

Present Tense

Arewídîú mí

Arewídîisí

Arewídîet év/sí/íd

Arewídîomós snís

Arewídîetés swís

Arewídîont é

Subjunctive Tense

Arewídîasúr mí

Arewídîasetár tú

Arewídîasetró év/sí/íd

Arewídîasomró snís

Arewídîaseté swís

Arewídîasontró é

Preterite Past Tense

Arewídsá mí

Arewídses tú

Arewídset év/sí/íd

Arewídsomé snís

Arewídseté swís

Arewídsont é

Imperative/Command Form

Arewídîetá! (tú)

Arewídîeté! (swís)

Class IV Verbs. u- stem endings

Adíxútí - To Bring Justice to

Present Tense

Adíxuí mí

Adíxúsí tú

Adíxút év/sí/íd

Adíxámós snís

Adíxátes swís

Adíxúnt é

Subjunctive Tense

Adíxsár mí

Adíxsatár tú 

Adíxsatró év/sí/íd

Adíxsamró snís

Adíxsaté swís

Adíxsantró é

Preterite Past Tense

Adíxsá mí

Adíxses tú 

Adíxset év/sí/íd

Adíxsomé snís

Adíxsetés swís

Adíxsont é

Imperative/Command Form

Adíxútí! (tú)

Adíxúté! (swís)

Irregular Verb Conjugations for Bútí(To Be)

Present Tense

Emmí - I am

Esí tú - You are

Estí év/sí/íd - He/She/It is

Emmós snís - We are

Esetés swís - You are

Esónt é - They are

Subjunctive Tense

Búwí mí - I would be

Búwes tú - You would be

Búwet év/sí/íd - He/She/It would be

Búwomós snís - We would be

Búwetes swís - You would be

Búwont é - They would be

Preterite Past Tense

Bówá mí - I was

Bówás tú - You were

Bówé év/sí/íd - He/She/It was

Bówamé snís - We were

Bówáté swís - You were

Bówont é - They were

Future Tense 

Bisîú mí - I'll be

Bisîisí tú - You'll be

Bisîet év/sí/íd - He/She/It will be

Bisîomós snís - We'll be

Bisîetes swís - You'll be

Bisîont é - They'll be

Imperative/Command Form

Biîé! (tú)

Biîeté! (swís)

Monetí - To Go

Present Tense

Amí - I go, I'm going

Asít tú - You go, you're going

A év/sí/íd - He/She/It goes, going

Amós snís - We go, we're going

Atés swís - You go, you're going

Ant é - They go, they're going

Dóvetí - To Come

Present Tense

Dómí - I come

Dósit tú - You come

Dó év/sí/íd - He/She/It comes

Dómós snís - We come 

Dótes swís - You come

Dónt é - They come


NOUNS:

(The Main Case Singular (Nom./Voc./Acc.) form of the word is the word in its normal form. That is, the Headword in a Vocabulary/Glossary/Dictionary.)

1st declension:Example: tōtā (a 'tribe'):

Sing:Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc): tōtā Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): tōtū* (*borrowed from 2nd Declens. form gwirū).

Plural:Main Case Plur (Nom/Voc/Acc): tōtās. Oblique Case Plur (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): totābi (rather than totābo.)

-----+++---

2nd Declension: Example: Gwiros ('a man')

Singular:Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc.): gwiros. Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): gwirū.

Plural:Main Case Plural (Nom/Voc/Acc):   gwirī.

Oblique Case Plural (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): *gwiríbi

Neuter 2nd declension case-endings differ from those of Gwiros (Masculine) above only in the Oblique Case Sing and Plural:

Neuter 2nd declension:Example cradion:

Sing.Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc).cradion.

Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc) cradiū*.

Plural:Main Case Plural (Nom/Voc/Acc): cradiā.

Oblique Case Plur(Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): cradíbi*.

---------++-----

Third declension:

Sing.Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc) carrecis.

Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): carrecū*

PlurMain Case Plur (Nom/Voc/Acc): carrecēs*

Oblique Case Plural (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc.):  carrecíbi*.

-----------

(The Main Case Singular (Nom./Voc./Acc.) form of the word is the word in its normal form. That is, the Headword in a Vocabulary/Glossary/Dictionary.)

1st declension:Example: tōtā (a 'tribe'):

Sing:Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc): tōtā Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): tōtū* (*borrowed from 2nd Declens. form gwirū).

Plural:Main Case Plur (Nom/Voc/Acc): tōtās. Oblique Case Plur (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): totābi (rather than totābo.)

-----+++---

2nd Declension: Example: Gwiros ('a man')

Singular:Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc.): gwiros. Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): gwirū.

Plur:Main Case Plural (Nom/Voc/Acc):   gwirī.

Oblique Case Plural (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): *gwiríbi.

----+----

Neuter 2nd declension

(case-endings differ from those of Gwiros (Masculine) above only in the Oblique Case Sing and Plural):

Neuter 2nd declension:Example cradion:

Sing.Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc).cradion.

Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc) cradiū*.

Plural:Main Case Plural (Nom/Voc/Acc): cradiā.

Oblique Case Plur(Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): cradíbi*.

---------++-----

Third declension:

Sing.Main Case Sing (Nom/Voc/Acc) carrecis.

Oblique Case Sing (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc): carrecū*

PlurMain Case Plur (Nom/Voc/Acc): carrecēs*

Oblique Case Plural (Dat/Abl/Instr/Loc.):  carrecíbi*.

-----------

Personal Pronouns:

mí/mé - I/me (subject/object)mon ?- my.

tú/té - you(subject/object)tó - ? your.

snís - we/us (subject/object)ásron ? - our.

swís - y'all (subject/object)swésron ?- y'alls'.

év/ís - he/him(subject/object)ésron ? - his.

sí/síîás - she/her(subject/object)ésíás ? - her (possessive)

íd - it (subject/object)éson ?- its (possessive).

?? - they/them (subject/object)?? - their (possessive).---------

î for y as in yes.

--++++--

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